The dietary treatment of hypertensive patients
The dietary treatment of hypertensive patients is based on the principles of reducing sodium, reducing dietary fat and supplementing appropriate amounts of high-quality protein, paying attention to supplementing calcium and potassium, eating more vegetables and fruits, quitting smoking and drinking, and drinking scientifically.
①The diet should be light: vegetarian food is advocated, and a vegetarian diet can lower the blood pressure of hypertensive patients. Therefore, the diet of hypertensive patients should be light, high vitamin, high fiber, high calcium, low fat, low cholesterol diet. Total fat is less than 30% of total calories, and protein accounts for about 15% of total calories. It is recommended to eat more whole grains, whole grains, fresh vegetables, fruits, soy products, lean meat, fish, chicken and other foods, and to promote vegetable oil, less lard, greasy food and white sugar, spicy, strong tea, coffee, etc.
②Reduce the amount of salt: eating too much sodium is a pathogenic factor of hypertension, and controlling sodium intake is conducive to reducing and stabilizing blood pressure. Clinical trials have shown that reducing the daily salt intake of hypertensive patients from the original 10.5 grams to 4.7-5.8 grams can reduce the systolic blood pressure by an average of 4-6 mmHg.
③ Quit smoking and alcohol: Tobacco and alcohol are risk factors for hypertension. Smoking and alcohol may increase hypertension complicated by heart and cerebrovascular diseases. Alcohol can also reduce the patient's responsiveness to antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, patients with high blood pressure are required to quit smoking and drinking, and those who have difficulty in quitting should also restrict drinking.
④Regular diet: Achieve regular and quantitative diets for three meals a day, not to be too hungry or full, and not to overeating. The following arrangements can be made for daily recipes: 250-350 grams of carbohydrates (equivalent to 6-8 taels of staple food), 400-500 grams of fresh vegetables, 100 grams of fruits, 20-25 grams of cooking oil, 250 grams of milk (ml), high-protein foods 3 Servings (each means: 50-100 grams of lean meat, or 1 egg, or 100 grams of tofu, or 100 grams of chicken, duck, or 100 grams of fish and shrimp. 4 to 5 eggs per week are sufficient).
⑤Scientific drinking water: The hardness of water is closely related to the occurrence of hypertension. Studies have shown that hard water contains more calcium and magnesium ions, which are important regulators that participate in the vasomotor function of vascular smooth muscle cells. If they are lacking, they will easily cause vasospasm and eventually increase blood pressure. Therefore, for hypertensive patients, Try to drink hard water, such as spring water, deep well water, natural mineral water, etc.